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Somaliland 2023 Press Freedom Profile

Somaliland is not rated by the RSF index; Freedom House classifies it as Partly Free with a total score of 43/100.

RSF Score
Freedom StatusPartly FreeFH total 43/100
GDPWorld Bank data
PopulationNational total

2023 Press Freedom Scorecard

Overall score and global position

Somaliland is not currently rated by Reporters Without Borders. The closest available press-freedom indicator is the V-Dem Freedom of Expression index, which scores Somaliland at 0.65 out of 1.0 for 2025 — a comparative signal drawn from the Varieties of Democracy academic dataset. Of the 25 Freedom House indicators, Somaliland earns 0 at the maximum 4/4 and 1 at 0/4; its strongest category is Political Pluralism (10/16) and its weakest is Electoral Process (3/12).

Composite index comparison

Political Rights (Freedom House)17 / 40

Elections, political pluralism, government functioning.

Civil Liberties (Freedom House)26 / 60

Freedom of expression, association, rule of law, personal autonomy.

Freedom of Expression (V-Dem 2025)65.3 / 100

Academic press-freedom index from the Varieties of Democracy project (0–1 rescaled to 0–100).

Democratic Rights & Civil Liberties

Freedom status explained

Freedom House classifies Somaliland as Partly Free with a 2024 aggregate score of 43/100 — political rights and civil liberties are respected in part but undercut by specific institutional or legal weaknesses.

Within Freedom House's Africa region (56 countries), Somaliland ranks #24 on the latest aggregate score — the 58th percentile. The region leaders are Cape Verde, Mauritius, São Tomé and Príncipe.

Political Rights vs Civil Liberties

Political Rights

17/ 40

Rating 5 of 7 (1 = best)

Civil Liberties

26/ 60

Rating 4 of 7 (1 = best)

Political rights and civil liberties are rated in similar territory, a sign that formal political channels and everyday personal freedoms move together in this country.

Twelve-year Freedom House trend

02550751002013: 462014: 462015: 462016: 402017: 402018: 442019: 432020: 412021: 422022: 492023: 442024: 43201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024

Between 2013 and 2024, Freedom House moved Somaliland from Partly Free (Partly Free, 46/100) to Partly Free (Partly Free, 43/100).

Indicator trajectory (A–G over 12 years)

Of the 25 Freedom House indicators tracked for Somaliland, 9 moved at least one point across the available Freedom House history. The eight with the largest absolute change appear below.

Code Indicator Earliest Latest Δ
A1 Free and fair head-of-government elections 3/4 (2013) 0/4 (2024) ▼ -3
A2 Free and fair legislative elections 0/4 (2013) 1/4 (2024) ▲ +1
C1 Elected officials govern 2/4 (2013) 1/4 (2024) ▼ -1
C2 Anti-corruption safeguards 2/4 (2013) 1/4 (2024) ▼ -1
D1 Free media 1/4 (2013) 2/4 (2024) ▲ +1
B1 Right to organise in political parties 3/4 (2013) 3/4 (2024) • 0
B2 Opposition can gain power 3/4 (2013) 3/4 (2024) • 0
D4 Private discussion 2/4 (2013) 2/4 (2024) • 0

Latest A–G indicator scorecard

A.

Electoral Process

PR

Subtotal3 / 12
  • A1Free and fair head-of-government elections

    0/4

  • A2Free and fair legislative elections

    1/4

  • A3Electoral laws and framework

    2/4

B.

Political Pluralism & Participation

PR

Subtotal10 / 16
  • B1Right to organise in political parties

    3/4

  • B2Opposition can realistically gain power

    3/4

  • B3Free political choice without domination

    2/4

  • B4Political rights of minorities

    2/4

C.

Functioning of Government

PR

Subtotal4 / 12
  • C1Elected officials determine government policy

    1/4

  • C2Safeguards against corruption

    1/4

  • C3Transparency of government

    2/4

D.

Freedom of Expression & Belief

CL

Subtotal8 / 16
  • D1Free and independent media

    2/4

  • D2Freedom of religious expression

    2/4

  • D3Academic freedom

    2/4

  • D4Free private discussion

    2/4

E.

Associational & Organisational Rights

CL

Subtotal5 / 12
  • E1Freedom of assembly

    1/4

  • E2Freedom for NGOs

    2/4

  • E3Free trade unions

    2/4

F.

Rule of Law

CL

Subtotal7 / 16
  • F1Independent judiciary

    2/4

  • F2Due process in civil and criminal matters

    2/4

  • F3Protection from illegitimate force

    1/4

  • F4Equal treatment under the law

    2/4

G.

Personal Autonomy & Individual Rights

CL

Subtotal6 / 16
  • G1Freedom of movement

    2/4

  • G2Property rights

    2/4

  • G3Personal social freedoms

    1/4

  • G4Equality of opportunity

    1/4

Each indicator is scored 0–4 by Freedom House analysts; category subtotals combine into the Political Rights (A + B + C = 0–40) and Civil Liberties (D + E + F + G = 0–60) aggregates shown above. 2024 edition.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which Freedom House indicator moved most in Somaliland?

Indicator A1 (Free and fair head-of-government elections) changed by -3 points, moving from 3/4 to 0/4 across the available history — the biggest indicator-level movement of the 25 Freedom House sub-scores for Somaliland.

How does Somaliland rank within its Freedom House region?

Somaliland holds position #24 of 56 in the Africa region on the latest Freedom House aggregate score. The region's top country is Cape Verde (92/100).