Peru scores 52.7/100 on the 2023 RSF World Press Freedom Index, ranking #110 globally. Freedom House rates it Partly Free (66/100). Context: pop 32.5 million, GDP $226.85B.
2023 Press Freedom Scorecard
Overall score and global position
In the 2023 World Press Freedom Index, Peru scores 52.74 out of 100 and ranks #110 globally — a difficult press environment. Of the 25 Freedom House indicators, Peru earns 5 at the maximum 4/4 and 0 at 0/4; its strongest category is Freedom of Expression (15/16) and its weakest is Government Functioning (5/12).
52.7 / 100
Composite index comparison
Press freedom score — higher is freer.
Elections, political pluralism, government functioning.
Freedom of expression, association, rule of law, personal autonomy.
Academic press-freedom index from the Varieties of Democracy project (0–1 rescaled to 0–100).
Five-year RSF trend
Over 2019–2023, Peru moved from 69.78 to 52.74 on the RSF scale (a decline of 17.04 points). The lowest recorded score was 52.74 and the highest was 69.78.
Year-over-year RSF movement
Peru's biggest single-year RSF movement in the 2019–2023 window was a loss of 9.01 points between 2022 (61.75) and 2023 (52.74).
| Years | From | To | Δ score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 → 2020 | 69.78 | 69.06 | ▼ -0.72 |
| 2020 → 2021 | 69.06 | 68.29 | ▼ -0.77 |
| 2021 → 2022 | 68.29 | 61.75 | ▼ -6.54 |
| 2022 → 2023 | 61.75 | 52.74 | ▼ -9.01 |
Full socio-economic dashboard
Demographics & geography
Economy & labour
Health
Education
Administration
All socio-economic indicators from the World Bank country dataset (2023 snapshot).
Democratic Rights & Civil Liberties
Freedom status explained
Freedom House classifies Peru as Partly Free with a 2024 aggregate score of 66/100 — political rights and civil liberties are respected in part but undercut by specific institutional or legal weaknesses.
Within Freedom House's Americas region (35 countries), Peru ranks #25 on the latest aggregate score — the 29th percentile. The region leaders are Canada, Uruguay, Barbados.
Political Rights vs Civil Liberties
Rating 3 of 7 (1 = best)
Rating 3 of 7 (1 = best)
Political rights and civil liberties are rated in similar territory, a sign that formal political channels and everyday personal freedoms move together in this country.
Twelve-year Freedom House trend
Between 2013 and 2024, Freedom House moved Peru from Free (Free, 71/100) to Partly Free (Partly Free, 66/100).
Status transitions
Freedom House records 3 status transitions for Peru between 2021 and 2023 — each row below marks the year the classification flipped between Free, Partly Free, and Not Free.
| Year | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Free | → | Partly Free |
| 2022 | Partly Free | → | Free |
| 2023 | Free | → | Partly Free |
Indicator trajectory (A–G over 12 years)
Of the 25 Freedom House indicators tracked for Peru, 6 moved at least one point across the available Freedom House history. The eight with the largest absolute change appear below.
| Code | Indicator | Earliest | Latest | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | Freedom of assembly | 3/4 (2013) | 1/4 (2024) | ▼ -2 |
| B1 | Right to organise in political parties | 4/4 (2013) | 3/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| C1 | Elected officials govern | 3/4 (2013) | 2/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| C2 | Anti-corruption safeguards | 2/4 (2013) | 1/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| A1 | Free and fair head-of-government elections | 3/4 (2013) | 3/4 (2024) | • 0 |
| G1 | Freedom of movement | 3/4 (2013) | 3/4 (2024) | • 0 |
Latest A–G indicator scorecard
Electoral Process
PR
-
A1Free and fair head-of-government elections
3/4
-
A2Free and fair legislative elections
4/4
-
A3Electoral laws and framework
3/4
Political Pluralism & Participation
PR
-
B1Right to organise in political parties
3/4
-
B2Opposition can realistically gain power
4/4
-
B3Free political choice without domination
3/4
-
B4Political rights of minorities
2/4
Functioning of Government
PR
-
C1Elected officials determine government policy
2/4
-
C2Safeguards against corruption
1/4
-
C3Transparency of government
2/4
Freedom of Expression & Belief
CL
-
D1Free and independent media
3/4
-
D2Freedom of religious expression
4/4
-
D3Academic freedom
4/4
-
D4Free private discussion
4/4
Associational & Organisational Rights
CL
-
E1Freedom of assembly
1/4
-
E2Freedom for NGOs
3/4
-
E3Free trade unions
2/4
Rule of Law
CL
-
F1Independent judiciary
2/4
-
F2Due process in civil and criminal matters
2/4
-
F3Protection from illegitimate force
2/4
-
F4Equal treatment under the law
2/4
Personal Autonomy & Individual Rights
CL
-
G1Freedom of movement
3/4
-
G2Property rights
3/4
-
G3Personal social freedoms
2/4
-
G4Equality of opportunity
2/4
Each indicator is scored 0–4 by Freedom House analysts; category subtotals combine into the Political Rights (A + B + C = 0–40) and Civil Liberties (D + E + F + G = 0–60) aggregates shown above. 2024 edition.
Frequently Asked Questions
When did Peru see its biggest RSF press-freedom change?
The sharpest single-year shift was an deterioration of 9.01 points between 2022 (61.75) and 2023 (52.74) on the RSF index.
Has Peru changed Freedom House classification in the last 12 years?
Yes — Freedom House records 3 status changes for Peru, starting with a move from Free to Partly Free in 2021 and ending with Free to Partly Free in 2023.
Which Freedom House indicator moved most in Peru?
Indicator E1 (Freedom of assembly) changed by -2 points, moving from 3/4 to 1/4 across the available history — the biggest indicator-level movement of the 25 Freedom House sub-scores for Peru.
How does Peru rank within its Freedom House region?
Peru holds position #25 of 35 in the Americas region on the latest Freedom House aggregate score. The region's top country is Canada (97/100).
What is Peru's economic context for its press freedom score?
Peru has a GDP of $226.85B across a population of 32.5 million, giving a per-capita GDP of about $6,978. Its capital is Lima; the official language is Spanish.