Mozambique scores 56.1/100 on the 2023 RSF World Press Freedom Index, ranking #102 globally. Freedom House rates it Partly Free (44/100). Context: pop 30.4 million, GDP $14.93B.
2023 Press Freedom Scorecard
Overall score and global position
In the 2023 World Press Freedom Index, Mozambique scores 56.13 out of 100 and ranks #102 globally — a satisfactory-to-problematic press environment. Of the 25 Freedom House indicators, Mozambique earns 0 at the maximum 4/4 and 0 at 0/4; its strongest category is Freedom of Expression (9/16) and its weakest is Electoral Process (3/12).
56.1 / 100
Composite index comparison
Press freedom score — higher is freer.
Elections, political pluralism, government functioning.
Freedom of expression, association, rule of law, personal autonomy.
Academic press-freedom index from the Varieties of Democracy project (0–1 rescaled to 0–100).
Five-year RSF trend
Over 2019–2023, Mozambique moved from 67.34 to 56.13 on the RSF scale (a decline of 11.21 points). The lowest recorded score was 49.89 and the highest was 67.34.
Year-over-year RSF movement
Mozambique's biggest single-year RSF movement in the 2019–2023 window was a loss of 14.72 points between 2021 (64.61) and 2022 (49.89).
| Years | From | To | Δ score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 → 2020 | 67.34 | 66.21 | ▼ -1.13 |
| 2020 → 2021 | 66.21 | 64.61 | ▼ -1.60 |
| 2021 → 2022 | 64.61 | 49.89 | ▼ -14.72 |
| 2022 → 2023 | 49.89 | 56.13 | ▲ 6.24 |
Full socio-economic dashboard
Demographics & geography
Economy & labour
Health
Education
Administration
All socio-economic indicators from the World Bank country dataset (2023 snapshot).
Democratic Rights & Civil Liberties
Freedom status explained
Freedom House classifies Mozambique as Partly Free with a 2024 aggregate score of 44/100 — political rights and civil liberties are respected in part but undercut by specific institutional or legal weaknesses.
Within Freedom House's Africa region (56 countries), Mozambique ranks #21 on the latest aggregate score — the 64th percentile. The region leaders are Cape Verde, Mauritius, São Tomé and Príncipe.
Political Rights vs Civil Liberties
Rating 5 of 7 (1 = best)
Rating 4 of 7 (1 = best)
Civil liberties are rated higher than political rights — everyday freedoms are better protected than the formal political framework (elections, pluralism, government functioning).
Twelve-year Freedom House trend
Between 2013 and 2024, Freedom House moved Mozambique from Partly Free (Partly Free, 59/100) to Partly Free (Partly Free, 44/100).
Indicator trajectory (A–G over 12 years)
Of the 25 Freedom House indicators tracked for Mozambique, 15 moved at least one point across the available Freedom House history. The eight with the largest absolute change appear below.
| Code | Indicator | Earliest | Latest | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C1 | Elected officials govern | 3/4 (2013) | 1/4 (2024) | ▼ -2 |
| A1 | Free and fair head-of-government elections | 2/4 (2013) | 1/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| A2 | Free and fair legislative elections | 2/4 (2013) | 1/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| A3 | Electoral framework | 2/4 (2013) | 1/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| B2 | Opposition can gain power | 2/4 (2013) | 1/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| B3 | Free political choice | 3/4 (2013) | 2/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| B4 | Minority political rights | 3/4 (2013) | 2/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| C2 | Anti-corruption safeguards | 2/4 (2013) | 1/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
Latest A–G indicator scorecard
Electoral Process
PR
-
A1Free and fair head-of-government elections
1/4
-
A2Free and fair legislative elections
1/4
-
A3Electoral laws and framework
1/4
Political Pluralism & Participation
PR
-
B1Right to organise in political parties
2/4
-
B2Opposition can realistically gain power
1/4
-
B3Free political choice without domination
2/4
-
B4Political rights of minorities
2/4
Functioning of Government
PR
-
C1Elected officials determine government policy
1/4
-
C2Safeguards against corruption
1/4
-
C3Transparency of government
2/4
Freedom of Expression & Belief
CL
-
D1Free and independent media
2/4
-
D2Freedom of religious expression
3/4
-
D3Academic freedom
2/4
-
D4Free private discussion
2/4
Associational & Organisational Rights
CL
-
E1Freedom of assembly
1/4
-
E2Freedom for NGOs
2/4
-
E3Free trade unions
2/4
Rule of Law
CL
-
F1Independent judiciary
2/4
-
F2Due process in civil and criminal matters
2/4
-
F3Protection from illegitimate force
1/4
-
F4Equal treatment under the law
2/4
Personal Autonomy & Individual Rights
CL
-
G1Freedom of movement
3/4
-
G2Property rights
2/4
-
G3Personal social freedoms
2/4
-
G4Equality of opportunity
2/4
Each indicator is scored 0–4 by Freedom House analysts; category subtotals combine into the Political Rights (A + B + C = 0–40) and Civil Liberties (D + E + F + G = 0–60) aggregates shown above. 2024 edition.
Frequently Asked Questions
When did Mozambique see its biggest RSF press-freedom change?
The sharpest single-year shift was an deterioration of 14.72 points between 2021 (64.61) and 2022 (49.89) on the RSF index.
Which Freedom House indicator moved most in Mozambique?
Indicator C1 (Elected officials govern) changed by -2 points, moving from 3/4 to 1/4 across the available history — the biggest indicator-level movement of the 25 Freedom House sub-scores for Mozambique.
How does Mozambique rank within its Freedom House region?
Mozambique holds position #21 of 56 in the Africa region on the latest Freedom House aggregate score. The region's top country is Cape Verde (92/100).
What is Mozambique's economic context for its press freedom score?
Mozambique has a GDP of $14.93B across a population of 30.4 million, giving a per-capita GDP of about $492. Its capital is Maputo; the official language is Portuguese.