Libya scores 40.2/100 on the 2023 RSF World Press Freedom Index, ranking #149 globally. Freedom House rates it Not Free (9/100). Context: pop 6.8 million, GDP $52.08B.
2023 Press Freedom Scorecard
Overall score and global position
In the 2023 World Press Freedom Index, Libya scores 40.22 out of 100 and ranks #149 globally — a difficult press environment. In the Southern Shore zone, Libya sits at position 4 of 5 Mediterranean states with RSF data. Of the 25 Freedom House indicators, Libya earns 0 at the maximum 4/4 and 16 at 0/4; its strongest category is Associational Rights (3/12) and its weakest is Rule of Law (0/16).
40.2 / 100
Composite index comparison
Press freedom score — higher is freer.
Elections, political pluralism, government functioning.
Freedom of expression, association, rule of law, personal autonomy.
Academic press-freedom index from the Varieties of Democracy project (0–1 rescaled to 0–100).
Five-year RSF trend
Over 2019–2023, Libya moved from 44.23 to 40.22 on the RSF scale (a decline of 4.01 points). The lowest recorded score was 40.22 and the highest was 44.27.
Year-over-year RSF movement
Libya's biggest single-year RSF movement in the 2019–2023 window was a loss of 2.94 points between 2022 (43.16) and 2023 (40.22).
| Years | From | To | Δ score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 → 2020 | 44.23 | 44.23 | ▲ 0.00 |
| 2020 → 2021 | 44.23 | 44.27 | ▲ 0.04 |
| 2021 → 2022 | 44.27 | 43.16 | ▼ -1.11 |
| 2022 → 2023 | 43.16 | 40.22 | ▼ -2.94 |
Full socio-economic dashboard
Demographics & geography
Economy & labour
Health
Education
Administration
All socio-economic indicators from the World Bank country dataset (2023 snapshot).
Democratic Rights & Civil Liberties
Freedom status explained
Freedom House classifies Libya as Not Free with a 2024 aggregate score of 9/100 — basic political rights and civil liberties are widely denied.
Within Freedom House's Africa region (56 countries), Libya ranks #49 on the latest aggregate score — the 13th percentile. The region leaders are Cape Verde, Mauritius, São Tomé and Príncipe.
Political Rights vs Civil Liberties
Rating 7 of 7 (1 = best)
Rating 6 of 7 (1 = best)
Civil liberties are rated higher than political rights — everyday freedoms are better protected than the formal political framework (elections, pluralism, government functioning).
Twelve-year Freedom House trend
Between 2013 and 2024, Freedom House moved Libya from Partly Free (Partly Free, 43/100) to Not Free (Not Free, 9/100).
Status transitions
Freedom House records 1 status transition for Libya between 2015 and 2015 — each row below marks the year the classification flipped between Free, Partly Free, and Not Free.
| Year | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | Partly Free | → | Not Free |
Indicator trajectory (A–G over 12 years)
Of the 25 Freedom House indicators tracked for Libya, 20 moved at least one point across the available Freedom House history. The eight with the largest absolute change appear below.
| Code | Indicator | Earliest | Latest | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | Free and fair head-of-government elections | 3/4 (2013) | 0/4 (2024) | ▼ -3 |
| A2 | Free and fair legislative elections | 3/4 (2013) | 0/4 (2024) | ▼ -3 |
| A3 | Electoral framework | 3/4 (2013) | 0/4 (2024) | ▼ -3 |
| B2 | Opposition can gain power | 3/4 (2013) | 0/4 (2024) | ▼ -3 |
| B1 | Right to organise in political parties | 3/4 (2013) | 1/4 (2024) | ▼ -2 |
| B3 | Free political choice | 2/4 (2013) | 0/4 (2024) | ▼ -2 |
| B4 | Minority political rights | 2/4 (2013) | 0/4 (2024) | ▼ -2 |
| C3 | Government transparency | 2/4 (2013) | 0/4 (2024) | ▼ -2 |
Latest A–G indicator scorecard
Electoral Process
PR
-
A1Free and fair head-of-government elections
0/4
-
A2Free and fair legislative elections
0/4
-
A3Electoral laws and framework
0/4
Political Pluralism & Participation
PR
-
B1Right to organise in political parties
1/4
-
B2Opposition can realistically gain power
0/4
-
B3Free political choice without domination
0/4
-
B4Political rights of minorities
0/4
Functioning of Government
PR
-
C1Elected officials determine government policy
0/4
-
C2Safeguards against corruption
0/4
-
C3Transparency of government
0/4
Freedom of Expression & Belief
CL
-
D1Free and independent media
0/4
-
D2Freedom of religious expression
1/4
-
D3Academic freedom
1/4
-
D4Free private discussion
1/4
Associational & Organisational Rights
CL
-
E1Freedom of assembly
1/4
-
E2Freedom for NGOs
1/4
-
E3Free trade unions
1/4
Rule of Law
CL
-
F1Independent judiciary
0/4
-
F2Due process in civil and criminal matters
0/4
-
F3Protection from illegitimate force
0/4
-
F4Equal treatment under the law
0/4
Personal Autonomy & Individual Rights
CL
-
G1Freedom of movement
0/4
-
G2Property rights
1/4
-
G3Personal social freedoms
1/4
-
G4Equality of opportunity
0/4
Each indicator is scored 0–4 by Freedom House analysts; category subtotals combine into the Political Rights (A + B + C = 0–40) and Civil Liberties (D + E + F + G = 0–60) aggregates shown above. 2024 edition.
Frequently Asked Questions
When did Libya see its biggest RSF press-freedom change?
The sharpest single-year shift was an deterioration of 2.94 points between 2022 (43.16) and 2023 (40.22) on the RSF index.
Has Libya changed Freedom House classification in the last 12 years?
Yes — Freedom House reclassified Libya from Partly Free to Not Free in 2015, and the classification has held since.
Which Freedom House indicator moved most in Libya?
Indicator A1 (Free and fair head-of-government elections) changed by -3 points, moving from 3/4 to 0/4 across the available history — the biggest indicator-level movement of the 25 Freedom House sub-scores for Libya.
How does Libya rank within its Freedom House region?
Libya holds position #49 of 56 in the Africa region on the latest Freedom House aggregate score. The region's top country is Cape Verde (92/100).
Where does Libya sit among Southern Shore Mediterranean peers?
Within the Southern Shore zone, Libya ranks #4 of 5 countries with RSF data. Its peers are Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Egypt.
What is Libya's economic context for its press freedom score?
Libya has a GDP of $52.08B across a population of 6.8 million, giving a per-capita GDP of about $7,684. Its capital is not available; the official language is Arabic.