India scores 36.6/100 on the 2023 RSF World Press Freedom Index, ranking #161 globally. Freedom House rates it Partly Free (66/100). Context: pop 1.37 billion, GDP $2.61T.
2023 Press Freedom Scorecard
Overall score and global position
In the 2023 World Press Freedom Index, India scores 36.62 out of 100 and ranks #161 globally — one of the most restricted press environments in the world. Of the 25 Freedom House indicators, India earns 5 at the maximum 4/4 and 0 at 0/4; its strongest category is Electoral Process (12/12) and its weakest is Rule of Law (8/16).
36.6 / 100
Composite index comparison
Press freedom score — higher is freer.
Elections, political pluralism, government functioning.
Freedom of expression, association, rule of law, personal autonomy.
Academic press-freedom index from the Varieties of Democracy project (0–1 rescaled to 0–100).
Five-year RSF trend
Over 2019–2023, India moved from 54.33 to 36.62 on the RSF scale (a decline of 17.71 points). The lowest recorded score was 36.62 and the highest was 54.67.
Year-over-year RSF movement
India's biggest single-year RSF movement in the 2019–2023 window was a loss of 12.44 points between 2021 (53.44) and 2022 (41.00).
| Years | From | To | Δ score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 → 2020 | 54.33 | 54.67 | ▲ 0.34 |
| 2020 → 2021 | 54.67 | 53.44 | ▼ -1.23 |
| 2021 → 2022 | 53.44 | 41.00 | ▼ -12.44 |
| 2022 → 2023 | 41.00 | 36.62 | ▼ -4.38 |
Full socio-economic dashboard
Demographics & geography
Economy & labour
Health
Education
Administration
All socio-economic indicators from the World Bank country dataset (2023 snapshot).
Democratic Rights & Civil Liberties
Freedom status explained
Freedom House classifies India as Partly Free with a 2024 aggregate score of 66/100 — political rights and civil liberties are respected in part but undercut by specific institutional or legal weaknesses.
Within Freedom House's Asia region (43 countries), India ranks #18 on the latest aggregate score — the 60th percentile. The region leaders are New Zealand, Japan, Australia.
Political Rights vs Civil Liberties
Rating 2 of 7 (1 = best)
Rating 4 of 7 (1 = best)
Political rights are rated noticeably higher than civil liberties — the formal political framework is more open than the day-to-day environment for expression, association, and personal autonomy.
Twelve-year Freedom House trend
Between 2013 and 2024, Freedom House moved India from Free (Free, 76/100) to Partly Free (Partly Free, 66/100).
Status transitions
Freedom House records 1 status transition for India between 2021 and 2021 — each row below marks the year the classification flipped between Free, Partly Free, and Not Free.
| Year | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Free | → | Partly Free |
Indicator trajectory (A–G over 12 years)
Of the 25 Freedom House indicators tracked for India, 13 moved at least one point across the available Freedom House history. The eight with the largest absolute change appear below.
| Code | Indicator | Earliest | Latest | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | Freedom of assembly | 4/4 (2013) | 2/4 (2024) | ▼ -2 |
| E2 | NGO freedom | 4/4 (2013) | 2/4 (2024) | ▼ -2 |
| A3 | Electoral framework | 3/4 (2013) | 4/4 (2024) | ▲ +1 |
| B1 | Right to organise in political parties | 4/4 (2013) | 3/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| B4 | Minority political rights | 3/4 (2013) | 2/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| D1 | Free media | 3/4 (2013) | 2/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| D2 | Religious expression | 3/4 (2013) | 2/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
| D3 | Academic freedom | 3/4 (2013) | 2/4 (2024) | ▼ -1 |
Latest A–G indicator scorecard
Electoral Process
PR
-
A1Free and fair head-of-government elections
4/4
-
A2Free and fair legislative elections
4/4
-
A3Electoral laws and framework
4/4
Political Pluralism & Participation
PR
-
B1Right to organise in political parties
3/4
-
B2Opposition can realistically gain power
4/4
-
B3Free political choice without domination
3/4
-
B4Political rights of minorities
2/4
Functioning of Government
PR
-
C1Elected officials determine government policy
4/4
-
C2Safeguards against corruption
2/4
-
C3Transparency of government
3/4
Freedom of Expression & Belief
CL
-
D1Free and independent media
2/4
-
D2Freedom of religious expression
2/4
-
D3Academic freedom
2/4
-
D4Free private discussion
3/4
Associational & Organisational Rights
CL
-
E1Freedom of assembly
2/4
-
E2Freedom for NGOs
2/4
-
E3Free trade unions
3/4
Rule of Law
CL
-
F1Independent judiciary
2/4
-
F2Due process in civil and criminal matters
2/4
-
F3Protection from illegitimate force
2/4
-
F4Equal treatment under the law
2/4
Personal Autonomy & Individual Rights
CL
-
G1Freedom of movement
3/4
-
G2Property rights
2/4
-
G3Personal social freedoms
2/4
-
G4Equality of opportunity
2/4
Each indicator is scored 0–4 by Freedom House analysts; category subtotals combine into the Political Rights (A + B + C = 0–40) and Civil Liberties (D + E + F + G = 0–60) aggregates shown above. 2024 edition.
Frequently Asked Questions
When did India see its biggest RSF press-freedom change?
The sharpest single-year shift was an deterioration of 12.44 points between 2021 (53.44) and 2022 (41.00) on the RSF index.
Has India changed Freedom House classification in the last 12 years?
Yes — Freedom House reclassified India from Free to Partly Free in 2021, and the classification has held since.
Which Freedom House indicator moved most in India?
Indicator E1 (Freedom of assembly) changed by -2 points, moving from 4/4 to 2/4 across the available history — the biggest indicator-level movement of the 25 Freedom House sub-scores for India.
How does India rank within its Freedom House region?
India holds position #18 of 43 in the Asia region on the latest Freedom House aggregate score. The region's top country is New Zealand (99/100).
What is India's economic context for its press freedom score?
India has a GDP of $2.61T across a population of 1.37 billion, giving a per-capita GDP of about $1,911. Its capital is New Delhi; the official language is Hindi.